A REVIEW ON THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF GINGER

Abstract

This study, conducted at AIMS Muzaffarabad, AJK (April–September 2024), compared the effects of 12 mg versus 15 mg bupivacaine on maternal hypotension following spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean sections. Hypotension occurred in 16% of patients in the 12 mg group (Group A) and 24% in the 15 mg group (Group B). Other complications, including bradycardia, respiratory depression, nausea/vomiting, and patient discomfort, were also assessed. The study concluded that 12 mg of bupivacaine is associated with a lower incidence of maternal hypotension and may reduce the need for corrective interventions such as vasopressors and fluid overload, making it a safer option for spinal anesthesia in cesarean deliveries.